Patrón de intoxicaciones pediátricas en Urgencias. Evolución tras 20 años / Pattern of pediatric poisoning in the ER. Evolution after 20 years

Objetivo. Describir y comparar los datos de las intoxicaciones pediátricas, por fármacos y no medicamentosas, enla urgencia pediátrica en 2 cohortes de 2 décadas distintas.Material y métodos. En este estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, de 2 cohortes de pacientes que acudieron a Urgencias en el año 1997 y en el año 2015. Se compararon lascaracterísticas epidemiológicas, clínicas, la adecuación deltratamiento a las guías de los pacientes menores de 14 añosque acudieron a las Urgencias Pediátricas de nuestro hospital.Resultados. En nuestra serie ha habido un aumento delas intoxicaciones por medicamentos, de un 40% en 1997 a un53% en 2015. Por el contrario, se ha encontrado un descensorelativo de las consultas por tóxicos no medicamentosos 60%vs 47%. La distribución por sexo, con predominio femeninoen las intoxicaciones farmacológicas, y masculino en las nofarmacológicas. Las características clínicas no han variado,predominando al clínica digestiva y neurológica. Los tóxicosimplicados han variado con relación a las indicaciones encada período de tiempo, desapareciendo las intoxicacionespor aspirina en la última década. El tratamiento en Urgenciasse ha adecuado a los estándares de calidad que publican lassociedades científicas, abandonando tratamientos que se handemostrado de baja eficacia, como el jarabe de ipecacuanay los lavados gástricos. Los ingresos en nuestra serie handisminuido de un 25% vs 3%, contribuyendo entre otrascausas el desarrollo y especialización de las Unidades deUrgencias Pediátricas.Conclusiones. A pesar de que ciertos datos indican unamejora de la asistencia, sigue habiendo muchos puntos demejora para que la morbimortalidad de las intoxicaciones en pediatría disminuya (AU)

Objective. To describe and compare data on pediatricpoisonings, drug and non-drug, in the pediatric emergencydepartment in 2 cohorts from 2 different decades.Material and methods. This is a retrospective descriptive study of 2 cohorts of patients attending the emergencydepartment in 1997 and 2015. We compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and the adequacy of treatmentaccording to the guidelines of patients under 14 years of age,who were attended at the pediatric emergency departmentof our hospital.Results. In our series there has been an increase in drugpoisonings, from 40% in 1997 to 53% in 2015. In contrast,there was a relative decrease in consultations for non-drugintoxications, 60% vs 47%. The distribution by sex, with afemale predominance in pharmacological poisonings, and amale predominance in non-pharmacological poisonings. The clinical characteristics did not vary, with a predominance ofdigestive and neurological symptoms. The toxins involvedhave varied in relation to the indications in each period oftime, the aspirin poisonings disappearing in the last decade.Treatment in the emergency Department has been adaptedto the quality standards published by scientific societies,treatments that have been shown to be of low efficacy hasbeen abandoned, such as syrup of ipecac and gastric lavage.Admissions in our series have decreased by 25% vs 3%,contributed among other causes by the development andspecialisation of paediatric emergency units.Conclusions. Despite certain data indicating an improvement in care, there are still many points of improvementfor the morbidity and mortality of poisoning in pediatrics to decrease. (AU)

Enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas / Tick borne diseases

Las enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas son enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por la mordedura de garrapata parasitada por agentes infecciosos. Las garrapatas son los segundos vectores más importantes de transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas al ser humano tras los mosquitos. En áreas donde existen garrapatas es importante conocer cómo prevenir y detectar sus ataques. A medida que la incidencia de estas enfermedades aumenta, se convierte en más importante distinguir las distintas presentaciones clínicas de estos procesos por parte de los profesionales sanitarios. En Castilla y León la especie de garrapata más frecuente es Ixodes ricinus, vector de la enfermedad de Lyme, pero son las rickettsias los patógenos que con mayor frecuencia parasitan a las garrapatas

Tick borne diseases are infectious diseases transmitted by the bites of infected ticks. Ticks are second only to mosquitoes for transmitting diseases to human. In areas where ticks are present it is important to know how to prevent and check for tick bites. As the incidence of tick borne illnesses is rising, it becomes increasingly important that health professionals are able to distinguish the diverse clinical presentations of these diseases. In Castilla y León the most common tick is Ixodes ricinus which is in relation with Lyme disease but rickettsia’s are the primary pathogen that parasite ticks

Ectasia congénita de las arterias coronarias e hiperinsulinismo: ¿sólo una coincidencia? / Congenital ectasia of coronary e hyperinsulinism: just a coincidence?

Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido con ectasia congénita de las arterias coronarias. Se repasan la frecuencia, la etiología, la clínica y la evolución de esta entidad, así como su posible relación con el hiperinsulinismo que también presentaba el paciente (AU)

The case of a newborn with congenital coronary artery ectasia is presented. Frequency, etiology, and clinical evolution of this entity and its possible relationship with hyperinsulinism also presented the patient is reviewed (AU)

Suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal / Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

Objetivos: Presentar nuestros resultados en suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal tras haber realizado 70 procedimientos. Material y métodos: Entre julio de 2002 y diciembre de 2010, 70 pacientes fueron sometidos a suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal con los siguientes diagnósticos: 22 de síndrome de Conn, 18 adenomas no funcionantes, 10 casos de síndrome de Cushing, 7 feocromocitomas, 4 mielolipomas, 6 casos de metástasis tras tratamiento de neoplasia primaria no adrenal, un ganglioneuroma, un hematoma de glándula suprarrenal y un carcinoma suprarrenal. Describimos el tamaño, el tiempo quirúrgico y de hospitalización, la pérdida sanguínea y la necesidad de transfusión, las complicaciones quirúrgicas y la tasa de conversión a cirugía abierta. Resultados: De los 70 pacientes 35 fueron hombres y otras 35 mujeres (1:1) con una edad media de 58,2 años (82,2 - 29,1). La localización predominante fue la izquierda (58%) frente a la derecha (42%). Con un tamaño medio de la pieza quirúrgica de 5,11cm, el tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 119,2 minutos (50 - 240) y el sangrado operatorio medio de 140,6 cc (30 - 800), precisando tan sólo en tres pacientes transfusión sanguínea. El período promedio para alimentación oral fue de 17 horas y la estancia media hospitalaria fue de 4,3 días (15 - 2). Como complicaciones observamos dos casos de infecciones quirúrgicas, un íleo paralítico prolongado, un caso de laceración esplénica y otro de perforación intestinal; ambos precisaron reconversión a cirugía abierta (4,28%). Conclusiones: La suprarrenalectomía por vía laparoscópica es una técnica quirúrgica segura, con un bajo porcentaje de complicaciones y que precisa breve estancia hospitalaria. La elección de esta vía de acceso dependerá de la experiencia individual del cirujano, teniendo en cuenta tanto la etiología como el tamaño de la lesión en cada caso (AU)

Objectives: To present our results with transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy after completion of 70 procedures. Material and Methods: Between July 2002 and December 2010, transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in 70 patients with the following diagnoses: Conn syndrome (22 cases), nonfunctioning adenomas (18), Cushing syndrome (10), pheochromocytomas (7), myelolipomas (4), metastasis after treatment of primary nonadrenal tumors (6), ganglioneuroma (1), adrenal gland hematoma (1) and adrenal carcinoma (1). We describe the size, surgical and hospitalization times, blood loss, need for transfusion, surgical complications and rate of conversion to open surgery. Results: Of 70 patients, 35 were men and 35 women (1:1) with a mean age of 58.2 years (range, 82.2- 29.1). The most common site was left (58%) compared to right (42%). The mean size of the surgical specimen was 5.11cm, mean surgical time was 119.2minutes (50-240) and mean operative bleeding was 140.6 (30-800) cc. Only 3 patients required blood transfusion. The mean time until oral feeding was 17hours, and the mean hospital stay was 4.3 (2-15) days. Complications included 2 cases of surgical infections, 1 of prolonged paralytic ileus, and 1 of splenic laceration and 1 of intestinal perforation which both which required reconversion to open surgery (4.28%). Conclusions: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe procedure, with a low percentage of complications and a short hospital stay. The choice of this approach will depend on the surgeon's experience with the lesion etiology and size in each case (AU)

[Transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy]. / Suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal.

OBJECTIVES: To present our results with transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy after completion of 70 procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2002 and December 2010, transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in 70 patients with the following diagnoses: Conn syndrome (22 cases), nonfunctioning adenomas (18), Cushing syndrome (10), pheochromocytomas (7), myelolipomas (4), metastasis after treatment of primary nonadrenal tumors (6), ganglioneuroma (1), adrenal gland hematoma (1) and adrenal carcinoma (1). We describe the size, surgical and hospitalization times, blood loss, need for transfusion, surgical complications and rate of conversion to open surgery. RESULTS: Of 70 patients, 35 were men and 35 women (1:1) with a mean age of 58.2 years (range, 82.2- 29.1). The most common site was left (58%) compared to right (42%). The mean size of the surgical specimen was 5.11 cm, mean surgical time was 119.2 minutes (50-240) and mean operative bleeding was 140.6 (30-800) cc. Only 3 patients required blood transfusion. The mean time until oral feeding was 17 hours, and the mean hospital stay was 4.3 (2-15) days. Complications included 2 cases of surgical infections, 1 of prolonged paralytic ileus, and 1 of splenic laceration and 1 of intestinal perforation which both which required reconversion to open surgery (4.28%). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe procedure, with a low percentage of complications and a short hospital stay. The choice of this approach will depend on the surgeon's experience with the lesion etiology and size in each case.

[Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis: a case report]. / Paquimeningitis hipertrófica idiopática: a propósito de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a clinical condition that is caused by a diffuse or localised thickening of the dura mater. It predominantly affects males and manifests as chronic headache, with or without association to neurological manifestations, such as paralysis of the cranial nerves, cerebellar ataxia and neuro-ophthalmic complications. CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old male, with no relevant past history, who, one month before admission, had begun to suffer from right frontotemporal headache that irradiated to the ipsilateral orbital region and was more pronounced at night. A week later he was affected by a decrease in visual acuity in the right eye and two weeks later he noted the presence of right palpebral ptosis, while the headaches increased. The examination showed: right palpebral ptosis with global ophthalmoparesis with predominance of adduction and abduction, and diminished photomotor reflex in the right eye. The visual acuity of the right eye was reduced and the palpebral fissure was 0 in the right eye. The fundus oculi was normal. Infectious and non-infectious causations of meningitis were precluded. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a diffuse thickening of the supratentorial and infratentorial meninges, as well as diffuse uptake of the paramagnetic substance; thickening of the mucus in both paranasal maxillary sinuses was also observed. A meningeal biopsy study confirmed the existence of hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Treatment was established with prednisone and the clinical symptoms improved. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis is an underdiagnosed condition that must be taken into consideration in cases of patients with a history of subacute or chronic meningitis in which infectious and non-infectious causations have been precluded, and high-dose steroid treatment must be established.

Paquimeningitis hipertrófica idiopática: a propósito de un caso / Idiopathic hyperthophic pachymeningitis: a case report

Introducción. La paquimeningitis hipertrófica es una entidad clínica que se debe a un engrosamiento difuso o localizado de la duramadre; suele afectar predominantemente a hombres y se manifiesta como una cefalea crónica, con o sin asociación a manifestaciones neurológicas, como parálisis de nervios craneales, ataxia cerebelosa y complicaciones neuroftalmológicas. Caso clínico. Varón de 61 años, sin antecedentes de interés, que comienza, un mes antes del ingreso, con cefalea frontotemporal derecha irradiada a la región orbitaria ipsilateral, de predominio nocturno. Una semana después se ve afectado por una disminución de la agudeza visual en el ojo derecho y dos semanas después nota ptosis palpebral derecha, con incremento de la cefalea. En la exploración se evidencian: ptosis palpebral derecha con oftalmoparesia global derecha con predominio de la aducción y abducción, y disminución de la respuesta fotomotora derecha. La agudeza visual en el ojo derecho se encuentra disminuida y la hendidura palpebral es 0 en el ojo derecho. El fondo de ojo es normal. Se descartan etiologías infecciosas y no infecciosas de meningitis. En la resonancia magnética se observa un engrosamiento difuso de las meninges supratentoriales e infratentoriales, así como una captación difusa de sustancia paramagnética; también se evidencia un engrosamiento de la mucosa en ambos senos paranasales maxilares. En la biopsia meníngea se confirma la existencia de paquimeningitis hipertrófica. Se instaura tratamiento con prednisona y la sintomatología mejora. Conclusiones. La paquimeningitis hipertrófica idiopática es una entidad subdiagnosticada que debe tenerse en cuenta en pacientes con historia de meningitis subagudas o crónicas en quienes se hayan descartado etiologías infecciosas y no infecciosas, y debe instaurarse tratamiento con esteroides en altas dosis (AU)

Introduction. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a clinical condition that is caused by a diffuse or localised thickening of the dura mater. It predominantly affects males and manifests as chronic headache, with or without association to neurological manifestations, such as paralysis of the cranial nerves, cerebellar ataxia and neuro-ophthalmic complications. Case report. A 61-year-old male, with no relevant past history, who, one month before admission, had begun to suffer from right frontotemporal headache that irradiated to the ipsilateral orbital region and was more pronounced at night. A week later he was affected by a decrease in visual acuity in the right eye and two weeks later he noted the presence of right palpebral ptosis, while the headaches increased. The examination showed: right palpebral ptosis with global ophthalmoparesis with predominance of adduction and abduction, and diminished photomotor reflex in the right eye. The visual acuity of the right eye was reduced and the palpebral fissure was 0 in the right eye. The fundus oculi was normal. Infectious and non-infectious causations ofmeningitis were precluded. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a diffuse thickening of the supratentorial and infratentorial meninges, as well as diffuse uptake of the paramagnetic substance; thickening of the mucus in both paranasal maxillary sinuses was also observed. A meningeal biopsy study confirmed the existence of hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Treatment was established with prednisone and the clinical symptoms improved. Conclusions. Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis is an underdiagnosed condition that must be taken into consideration in cases of patients with a history of subacute or chronic meningitis in which infectious and non-infectious causations have been precluded, and high-dose steroid treatment must be established (AU)

[Quality of life in patients with urinary incontinence]. / Calidad de vida en las pacientes con incontinencia urinaria.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life of female patients with urinary stress incontinence (USI) who were attended at the urology department of the University Hospital at Albacete. METHOD: Between November 2001 and December 2005, 126 patients with USI were surveyed in our hospital using the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), which is a specific instrument to measure the quality of life among female patients with urinary incontinence (UI). RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 57.09 años (SD: 9.57) and the mean BMI was 28.14 Kg/m2 (SD: 4.66). The mean evolution of UI was 114.48 months, with a median of 96 months. During the last week of the study period, a total of 73 women (57.94%) had more than 10 urine leaks a day. As regards the number of sanitary towels used a day, 82.5% (104 cases) stated they used less than 6. The urodynamic diagnosis was described as normal in 8 cases (6.3%), 16 cases (12.7%) were diagnosed as mixed urinary incontinence and, finally, 102 cases (81%) suffered genuine USI. The best scores were presented in the Personal Relationships scale with a mean score of 26.8, whereas the worse scores were noted in that of Impact of Urinary Incontinence, whose mean score was 82.96. Generally, the lowest scores (better quality of life) were obtained in the youngest age groups. Scores in the scales of General Health, Impact on daily activities, Impact on physical activity, Impact on social activity and Emotions, were significantly higher in patients who had undergone a histerectomy. Patients whose evolution of urinary incontinence was longer presented lower scores in the Personal Relationships scale (r=0.179; p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: The quality of life of female patients with U.I. is affected, which limits both their physical activity and image. Their quality of life worsens with age, a greater extent of incontinence, greater urinary symptomatology and when episodes of urinary infection are associated.

Análisis de factores biopsicosociales de pacientes portadores de VIH atendidos en la Clínica Reina Sofía y la Fundación Eudes / Analysis of biopsychosocial aspects of carryng patients of VIH taken care of in the Reina Sofía Clinics and the Fundación Eudes

Este studio buscó evaluar los factores biopsicosociales (Laboral, Sexual, Personal, Familiar y social) de los portadores del VIH, asociados con las afecciones emocionales tanto del propio individuo como de su entorno. Para esto se utilizó un diseño no experimental, de tipo descriptivo-correccional, y se tomaron 43 sujetos voluntarios que asistían a programas de ayuda en la fundación EUDES y la Clínica Reina Sofía. Para efectos de la investigación se aplicó un instrumento realizado por las evaluadoras y validado por jueces expertos en el tema; Constaba de 27 ítems que medían diferentes áreas de ajuste del individuo. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, seguidamente se evaluaron las diferencias mediante las pruebas de Mc Nemar,U. de Mann-whitney, Análisis de viranza de Kuskal-Wallis y Wilcoxon; finalmente se evaluó la relación de riesgo, con el fin de identificar las correccionales más significativas entre las áreas familiar, social y sexual, las cuales arrojaron los datos más relevantes. En lo que se refiere a la salud, el presente estudio muestra que el VIH no solamente puede ser tomado en el aspecto físico sino que los factores psicosociales son claves, mostrando que en la salud, el comportamiento juega un papel importante al tener un gran efecto en el bienestar físico y emocional del individuo.